To investigate the effects of water deficit stress and bio and non-bio fertilizers on Thymus Vulgaris, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 in Asgarya agricultural field in Yazd. The treatments included water tension: W1=7 (Control), W2=12 and W3=17 days irrigation intervals as the main factor and bio and non - bio fertilizers at five levels including B1= control (without fertilizer), B2= endo mycorrhiza (Glomus), B3= Azospirillum bacteria, B4= Pseudomonas bacteria and B5= chemical fertilizer (NPK) a sub – factors. Results showed that the highest flowering branches yield, a, b, and total chlorophylls and nitrogen and phosphorus elements were observed in 17 days of irrigation (W3). 12 days of irrigation treatment (W2) showed the highest potassium element rate. The highest a, b and chlorophylls and nitrogen were observed in Azospirillum treatment (B3). The highest total chlorophyll, phosphorus element, carotenoids and flavonoids were observed in Pseudomonas treatment (B4); the highest potassium element rate were obtained in mycorrhiza treatment (B2); the highest flowering branches yield were observed in NPK treatment (B5) and control (B1) treatment resulted in the highest anthocyanin

Bio-fertilizers have been introduced as an alternative to chemical fertilizers for plant growth and health. The objective of this pot culture experiment was to evaluate the effects of three Bio-fertilizers in single and mixed form containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices), N+V on growth, yield components, and expression of some defense response genes in wheat infected withFusarium oxysporum. Real time PCR was performed to determine the gene expression levels of b -1, 3-glucanase, Oxalate Oxidase, andChitinase genes. The application of bio-fertilizers significantly increased all studied parameters, except spike length, in infected plants. The highest shoot dry weight was found in Nitroxin+Vermi compost (N+V) treatment and the highest plant height, grain number, 100 grain weight, and biological yield was observed in treatment Mycorrhizal+Vermicompost (M+V). The use of bio-fertilizer resulted in the highest expression level of b -1, 3-glucanase gene. The Chitinase gene showed the lowest expression level in all treatments. Our results indicate that vermicompost application could influence the improvement of mycorrhizal colonization and development of external hyphae.

Biological fertilizers are compounds comprising various free living microorganisms that are able to change the basic nutrients into available form through biological procedures. Being an important source of nutrients in sustainable agriculture, these fertilizers lead to better seed germination and development of root system. In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizers on the medicinal plant, dill (Anethum graveolens), an experiment was conducted in completely randomized blocks with 3 replications using 4 treatments in Lueen plains in Saveh, central Iran. Treatments included nitroxin (Azospirillum and Azotobacter), Pseudomonas florescence containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria, mixture of nitroxin and Pseudomonas florescence fertilizers, and control (no fertilizer). Findings suggested that application of biological fertilizers significantly increased seeds performance, biological yield per plant, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, number of seeds per plant, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Among the treated plants, mixed treatment of nitroxin and Pseudomonas florescence caused maximum increase in most of the parameters under study. This was followed by nitroxin treatment which resulted in the second most pronounced difference with the control. The minimum and maximum seed performances were observed in mixed treatment of nitroxin and Pseudomonas florescence (16.31 g per plant) and control plants (9.8 g per plant), respectively. In general, results of the present study revealed that application of biological fertilizers plays a remarkable role in improving growth characteristics and yield compounds of Anethum graveolens and they can be viewed as a suitable replacement for chemical fertilizers.

This experiment was laid out in order to evaluate the effects of different biofertilizers on yield components of barley. The experiment was a factorial design with three replications. Treatments were three nitrogen biofrtilizers (Nitroksin, Nitrokara and Supernitroplass) and three phosphate biofrtilizers (Phosphate barvar2, Biozarr and Superplass) with control for them and yield components were determined as standard. Results showed that, effect of Nitrogen bio fertilizer on number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biomass was significant. The effect of Phosphate bio fertilizer on grain yield and biomass was significant and the interaction between them on number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and biomass was significant. Among the nitrogen biofertilizers, Nitroksin treatment has the highest grain yield and biomass and control treatment has the lowest of them. However, barley yield and it components was significantly higher in application of biofertilizers treatments. In final results of this study reviled that application nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers increased yield and yield components of barley under Boroujerd environmental condition.

In order to study the influence of phosphorus biofertilizer on yield and yield components of potato cv. Savalan an experiment was conducted in agricultural and natural resource research center of Hamedan during 2009. The experiment was arranged on complete randomized block design with three replications. The treatments included control and ten other treatment including different levels of bio- fertilizer (biophosphor (BP) and golden biophosphate (GBP)) with or without triple super phosphate (TSP). The results showed that maximum number of tuber per plant (No mean 11.5), tuber weight per plant (1173 g), number of tuber in m2 (63.3) and total (67083 kg ha-1) and marketable yield (65657 kg ha-1) observed in TSP100+GBP300+Thio7.2 treatment. The amount of starch in tuber had positive and high correlation with variation level of phosphorus fertilizer. The highest starch percent in tuber was belonging related to fifth (TSP100+GBP300+Thio3.6) treatment and the lowest protein percent was observed in the T10 (BP10) and T7 TSP100+GBP300+Thio7.2 respectively. The maximum percent of tubers smaller than 35 mm diameter was observed in the T3 (TSP200) moreover tubers with bigger than 55 mm diameter and deformed tuber belonged to control treatment. The maximum percent of tuber with 35-55 mm diameter was observed in T5 (TSP100+GBP300+Thio3.6). Application of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms with mineral phosphor positively affected available and soluble phosphor in the soil.

Background and Objective: The goals of study were to recognize the effect of bio-fertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative traits of Valerian under drought stress. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicationes at the Research Farm of Urmia during two successive seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. The test factors included drought stress at three levels of irrigation 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from pan class A as the main factor and inoculation with bio fertilizer in eight levels including: 1-control (non-inoculation), 2-mycorrhiza, 3-Azotobacter, 4-Azospirilum, 5-combination of Azotobacter and Azospirilum, 6-combination of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza, 7-combination of Azosperilum and Mycorrhiza, 8-Azotobacter, Mycorrhiza and Azospirilum as subplots. Results: The results showed that with increasing drought stress, the plant height, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root volume, phosphorus and potassium decreased, and the percentage of valeric acid increased. The application of bio-fertilizers increased all studied traits except of the Valernic acid content. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, with the application of bio-fertilizers, the effects of drought stress on the valerian can be modulated and it has been used in pursuit of the goals of sustainable agriculture.